Renaissance powerpoint Notes

• 1300-1600
• "rebirth"
• cities were the center of action 
• Milan and florence had wealthy merchants and bankers
• artists in these cities were inspired by the former splendor of Greece and Rome
• merchants dominated politics
• the mediciwere a powerful banking family 
• they paid artists, writers,, and musicians to create beautiful works of art
• they were patrons
• Isabella d'Este = a patron who came from a rich family, was talented herself
• sponsored painters, sculptors, musicians, writers and architects
• patron of da Vinci, Raphael, and Michelangelo
• humanism= a deep interest in what people have already achieved, as well as what they are capable of achieving in the future
•  resembles arete/excellence
• the ultimate renaissance man was Leonardo da Vinci because he was a painter, scientist, AND inventor
• renaissance man= someone who could master many fields of work

powerpoint notes cont.

• clovis rules ranks and partners up with catholic church
• 520 benedict writes rules for monks
• vows of poverty
• chastity
• obedience
• his sister scholastica writes similar rules for nuns
• they operate schools, maintain libraries, and copy books
•  pope gregory 1 goes secular (worldly power)
• church revenues are used to help the poor, build roads, and raise armies
• this is a theocracy/christendom
• gregory's spiritual kingdom extends from Italy to england, spain to germany
• clovis rules the franks in gaul until his death in 511
• most of the rest of europe consists of smaller kingdoms ( 7 just in england)
• clovis' descendants include charles martel, known as charles the hammer
• hammer defeats a muslim raiding party from spain at Battle of tours in 732 ( if lost, muslim empire wouldve expanded)
• charles martel's son is pepin the short
• he works with the church and is named "king by the grace of God" by the Pope
• pepin the short dies in 768 leaving 2 sons
• son #1- carolman dies in 771
• son #2 is charles aka. charlemagne meaning charles the great
• charlemagne was 6 feeet 4 inches

Section 1 Powerpoint notes

main idea:  many germanic kingdoms are reunited under Charlemagne empire
why it matters now: Charlemagne spread christian civilization throughout northern Europe which is where some of us came from
notes:

• middle ages: 476-1453
• midieval europe is not united at this point 
• has roots in:
• the classical heritage of Rome
• the beliefs of the Roman Catholic Church
• customs of various germanic tribes
• germanic tribes caused:
• disruption of trade
• downfall of cities
• population shifts to rural areas 
• tribes had oral tradition, but couldn't read Greek or Latin
• languages evolve 
• few people were literate, only priests
• germanic warriors' loyalty is to the lord of the manor who provided them w/food, weapons, shelter

Rome fades away

Diocletian:

• ruled from 284-303
• persecuted christians
• said rome needs a big army
• said rome needs big government
• divided empire

Constantine:

• ruled from 306-337
• said christianity was legal
• converted to christianity (cross in the sky)
• 313 edict of Milan proclaims freedom of worship
• built a new capital in the east 
• Byzantium - Constantinople
•  

A struggle for the peasants. (14 century)

• country dwellers are getting bankrupt by endless tax collection
• new farming system peasants work for others on big farms rather than owning their own farm
• when peasants find a way to avoid taxes, they pay just as much to a land lord
• paying off debts and being "allowed" to live on the land, in exchange for back-breaking work
• landowners hold local power as bishops wielding more real power than far away emperors 
• this foreshadows feudalism

West empire crumbles

• rome's power is decreasing while nomadic barbarians gain power
•  western empire is too poor, begins to be neglected
• huns migrate from china to eastern europe 
• visigoths take over spain, and actually capture and loot Rome itself in 410 
• vandals control carthage and the western mediterranean
• other barbaric tribes:
• ostrogoths in italy
• franks in Gaul (france)
• angles and saxons in Britain

Important dates:
500 BC- monarchy is abolished
450 BC- the twelve tables
44 BC- julius caesar murdered
27 BC- 180 AD-  The Roman peace (pax romana)

• constant fith century invasions by barbarion tribes left the western roman empire to crumble
• the last emperor was a teenage boy installed in 475 by his father who then died
• barbarians deposed Romulus augustulus without bothering to kill him
• 476- power given up in rome

Powerpoint notes

Christianity in the Pax Romana

Roots of Christianity:

• most of what we know about Jesus comes from the Gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke and john
• gospel means "good news"
• Jesus was a jewish itinerant preacher in Judea who set himself apart from other "messiahs"
• Jesus taught god's personal relationship to each human being
• showed the message of love to the marginalized
• jesus' impact on history comes after his death
• Jesus' followers had believed he was the "messiah" who had come to end the world and bring the truly faithful into the kingdom of God
• jesus was believed to be both man and the son of God; both human and divine
• the 12 followers of Jesus who attempted to spread the word of his teaching were known as apostles
• Romans thought Jesus was a threat, so he was crucified

Spreading Christianity:

• paul of Tarsus was a Jew who became a follower of Jesus after a miraculous vision on the road to Damascus
• Paul talked of "predestination" which meant that God chose who was to be saved and who was to be damned
• Paul was well-traveled, he helped found churches in many places, and he kept it touch with christians all over mesopotamia by letter (letters of St. Paul)
• 
  

last notes on section 5

• livy compiled a multivolume history of Rome
• Tacitus was another Roman historian who wrote about the good and bad of imperial Rome

The Legacy of rome:

• Latin remained the language of Rome 
• Latin was made the official language of the catholic Church
• Romanic Languages= french, spanish, portuguese, italian, and romanian
• aqueducts were designed by roman engineers to bring water into cities and towns
• thomas jefferson began a roman revival in united states in the 18th century 
• important principles of roman law:
• all persons had the right to equal treatment under the law
• a person was considered innocent until proven guilty
• the burden of proof rested with the accuser rather than the accused
• a person should be punished only for actions no tthoughts
• any law that seemed unreasonable or grossly unfair could be set aside

book notes section 4 and 5

Western Empire Crumbles

• The Huns began destroying the Germanic peoples. so the germanics fled to rome
• "barbarians" - a term Romans used to describe non- romans
• in 410, hordes of germans overran rome and plundered it for 3 days.
• Huns united in 444 AD under Atilla 
• he couldnt capture rome
• 452 AD Atill and the Huns tried to take the Roman West, but famine and disease stopped them
• the last Roman emperor- 14year old boy Romulus augustulus
• 476 he was ousted by the german forces
• roman power in the west half now disappeared 
• eastern half= Byzantine Empire
• Byzantine Empire flourished until 1453 when they were conquered by Ottoman Turks

Section 5
Legacy of Greco-Roman Civilization:

• romans were proud of their unique ability to rule 
• greeks lead the fields of art, architecture, literature, and philosophy  
• Horace= roman poet
• greco Roman culture / classical civilization= mixing of elements of Greek, hellinistic, and roman culture
• romans made realistic portraits in stone
• reign of augustus was a period of artistic achievement
• bas-relief, images projected from a flat background
• used bas-relief to tell stories and to represent crowds of people,  soldiers in battle, and landscapes
• mosaics were pictures or designs made by setting small pieces of stone, glass, or tile onto a surface 
• frescoes= bright, large murals painted directly on walls
• Pompeii- known for these paintings
• Mount Vesivius erupted and covered Pompeii in ash in AD 79 
• stoicism, philosophy of greek teacher Zeno 
• Roman poet used the oddessy and spent 10 years writing Aeneid
•