study #3

we reviewed more notes and read on in our textbook. In class, i worked on making new quizlets to study over spring break.

Hellinistic Culture

1. Hellinistic culture in Alexandria

• hellinistic culture: a blend of Greek, Egyptian, Persian, and Indian culture
• alexandria became foremost center of commerce and culture/civilization

2. Alexandria's Attractions

• alexander's coffin
• stone lighthouse Pharos
• museum with 500,000 papyrus scrolls

3. Science and Technology

• astronomy:
• Aristarchus: estimated that the Sun is at least 300 times bigger than the sun and Earth and other planets revolved around the sun
• Ptolemy disagrees with Aristarchus, says that Earth is the center of Universe, this is taught for next 14 centuries 
• Eratosthenes estimated the the real size of Earth, saying it's round 
• math and physics:
• Euclid: wrote the book on Geometry (Elements)  
• Archimedes: estimated the value of pi, explained law of  the lever 
• The Archimedes screw = could raise water from the ground 

Study Guide

Alexander's Empire:

1. Philip builds macedonia Empire
• (philip is alexander's dad and king of macedonia)
• invaded greece and WON!
• he was going to conquer Persia, but he was murdered
2. Alexander names himelf king at 20 years old
• Alexander defeats Persia (darius III)
• when young: tutored by Aristotle, and relied on the Iliad
• Alexander vs. Darius:
• Alexander is outnumbered by Darius's army, but wins anyways

•  crowned pharoah in 332 B.C., he told them he was a God
• Alexander's army moves east to mesopotamia. Darius's army outnumbered him again with a HUGE army. Battle at Guagamela. Alexander used phalanx and won again.
• Alexander continues east to persepolis, and burned and destroyed it 

     3. Alexander's other conquests

• now reigned as unchallenged ruler of southwest asia
• 326 BC Hydaspes River, deafeats india
• been fighting for 11 years and marched 11,000 miles. So army turned home
• 323 BC army reaches Babylon. Alexander settled there
• Alexander died at 32 years old, never carried out full plans. Fever?

My group and I presented our awesome project about Pottery in Ancient Greece in class today!! I really like the way our final project turned out, i wouldnt change a thing. For the remainder of class, we took notes in our notebook about Hellinsitic culture. After Alexander's conquests the Greek, Egyptians, Persians, and Indians blended cultures. This was known as Hellinistic culture. Im sure we will be reading a powerpoint tomorrow that will go more into depth. GOODNIGHT!!

Alexander's Empire Book Notes

• macedonia- located just north of greece, had rough terrain and cold climate
• people lived in mountain villages
• had shrewd and fearless kings

• 23 years old in 359 B.C. Philip II became king
• brilliant general and ruthless politician
• used a strong phalanx to break through northern enemy's lines. prepared to invade greece next
• demosthenes warned the greeks of Philip II and his powerful army. urged greece to unite to fight against Philip
• 338 B.C. - Athens and Thebes joined forces to fight against him
• too late...
• macedonians defeated the Greeks at the battle of Chaeronea 
•  PHilip stabbed to death in 336 B.C. at daughter's wedding. His son Alexander tool the throne

Alexander

• 20 years old when king
• aristotle taught him science, geography, and literature
• as a young boy, learned to ride a horse, use weapons and command troops
•  destroyed Thebes, other greek city-  states feared rebellion now
• his Calvary attacked persias defense at the Granius River
• the victory alarmed Persian King Darius III
• outnumbered by persians, alexander sent out his best trooops to hit the enemy's weak spot
• victory= control over anatolia
•  ------------------------------------------------
• King Darius III tried to offer land and peace, but alexanders ambition led him to conquer the entire persian empire
• egyptians crowned alexander pharoah 332 B.c 
• founded alexadria the city
• victory at Gaugamela ended persians power
• won babylon, susa, persepolis
• cause of fire in persepolis, capitol of persia, still unknown
•  -------
• alexander more interested in expanding his empire rather than governing it 
• for 3 years his army pushed through the deserts and mountains of central asia
• darius killed by another governor, but alexander still pushed through more territory
• after defeaating indian army, morale with alexanders troops was low. they had been fighting 11 years and marched over 11,000 miles
• turned home despite alexanders desire to reach the other side of asia
• now in babylon 323 B.C. alexander wanted to unite his empire 
• died at 32 years old, never carried out plans
•  -----------------------
• antigonus became king of macedonia and greek city states
• ptolemy became pharoah of egypt
• seleucus took persian empire- now seleucid kigdom
• rulers  now governed with complete power
• due to alexanders conquests... a vibrant new culture emerged from the blend of Greek and eastern customs

missed class 3-14-18

missed class 3-13-18